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Some people believe that particle physics is the basic of all the scientific, because it removed the layer structure, we see in the world and fell, down to the smallest component. The study also applies to things, we can see that the Earth, and in the stars and galaxies fill the whole universe. Particle physicists assume that all the problems in the universe is basically the same, and believe that all have a common origin in the explosion, causing our universe…           Particle Physics: At the Heart of Matter         Particle physics attempts to answer some of the most basic questions about the universe:   • are there a small number of different types of objects from which the universe is made? • do these objects interact with each other and, if so, are there some simple rules that explain what will happen? • how can we study the creation of the universe in a laboratory?   The topics that particle physicists study from one day to the next have changed as the subject has progressed, but behind this progression the final goal has remained the same — to try to understand how the universe came into being.   Particle physics tries to answer questions about the origin of our universe by studying the objects that are found in it and the ways in which they interact. This is like someone trying to learn how to play chess by studying the shapes of the pieces and the ways in which they move across the board.   Perhaps you think that this is a strange way to try to find out about the origin of the universe. Unfortunately, there is no other way. There are instruction manuals to help you learn how to play chess; there are no instruction manuals supplied with the universe. Despite this handicap an impressive amount has been understood by following this method.   Some people argue that particle physics is fundamental to all the sciences as it strips away the layers of structure that we see in the world and plunges down to the smallest components of matter. This study applies equally to the matter that we see on the earth and that which is in the stars and galaxies that fill the whole universe. The particle physicist assumes that all matter in the universe is fundamentally the same and that it all had a common origin in the big bang that created our universe…   The currently accepted scientific theory is that our universe came into being some fifteen billion years ago in a gigantic explosion. Since then it has been continually growing and cooling down. The matter created in this explosion was subjected to unimaginable temperatures and pressures. As a result of these extreme conditions, reactions took place that were crucial in determining how the universe would turn out. The structure of the universe that we see now was determined just after its creation.   If this is so, then the way that matter is structured now must reflect this common creation. Hence by building enormous and expensive accelerating machines and using them to smash particles together at very high energies, particle physicists can force the basic constituents of matter into situations that were common in the creation of the universe — they produce miniature big bangs. Hardly surprisingly, matter can behave in very strange ways under these circumstances.   ...Particle physics was being studied before the big bang theory became generally accepted. However, it did not take long before particle physicists realized that the reactions they were seeing in their accelerators must have been quite common in the early universe. Such experiments are now providing useful information for physicists working on theories of how the universe was created.            —Jonathan Allday, Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang               Indexes/04