R

E

A

D

T

H

I

N

K

C

R

E

A

T

E

The underlying fabric of space - time is crazy. Instead, the usual exhibitors three levels of general space, and directing the flow of natural and time and space - time is a subversion, random, as well as instability in the bubble constantly changing, and its geometric every 10-43 seconds. No clean separation of time and space, there is a significance in this special regime of high-energy physics reality. Quantum mechanics and gravity of the universe to the impact of war universal. For this probablistic bubble explosive outbreak of the microscopic space bubble.           The Primordial Blast Furnace     Chaos rules. The underlying fabric of space-time is going crazy. Instead of exhibiting the usual three dimensions of ordinary space, with a natural and directed flow of time, space-time is a roiling, random, and fluctuating froth that continually changes its geometry every 10-43 seconds. No clean separation of space and time is meaningful in this ultra-high energy regime of physical reality. Quantum mechanics and gravity engage in a cosmic battle with universal implications. Out of this probablistic foam erupt explosive bubbles of microscopic space-time…   Imagine what it would be like to witness the beginning of time. If we could experience these first defining moments, if our eyes could observe the microscopic events taking place with blinding speed, what would we see? Let's pick up the story just as the universe is expanding and cooling at a fantastic rate. During the first 10-35 seconds or so, [from being the size of a small dot (.)], the universe expands so fast that adjacent points of space rush away from each other at incomprehensible speeds…   We would also notice that the early universe was very hot and very bright. At such enormous temperatures, much hotter than the central regions of any star, matter is vastly different from the material of everyday experience. On Earth, ordinary matter is made up of atoms, each composed of a set of electrons orbiting a nucleus containing protons and neutrons. In the extreme heat of the first microseconds, the temperature is too hot for molecules, atoms, and nuclei to be bound together. Even protons and neutrons cannot exist. The universe is swarming with mysterious elementary particles called quarks.   Under ordinary circumstances, we think that matter makes up everything in the universe. Right now, for example, a large portion of the mass-energy in the universe is contained in the matter within galaxies, with very little in between. During the earliest moments of history, however, when matter was broken down into its basic particle constituents, the universe had a very peculiar aspect. The particles of matter constituted only a tiny fraction of the total energy density of the universe. Most of the energy density was contained in the background field of radiation, and the universe resembled an extraordinarily hot oven, a primordial blast furnace.   The radiation field that was present at the beginning is still with us today. It forms a sea of photons that fills all of space and is called the cosmic background radiation. This radiation background now contains much less energy than it held in the distant past. Its effective temperature has fallen to a frigid 2.7 degrees above absolute zero. At early times, however, the background radiation was exceedingly bright and hot. The expansion of the universe has subsequently stretched the once intense background light into millimeter-long microwaves. The blast furnace of the past has been degraded into a low-energy microwave oven.   When the universe is one microsecond old, we are immersed in a vast sea of radiation, with a relatively small admixture of quarks and other particles. The quarks are made of both ordinary matter and antimatter, with a slight excess of the former. For every thirty million antimatter quarks in its storehouse, the universe contains thirty million and one quarks made of matter.   As the universe evolves and cools, the quarks and the antiquarks annihilate with one another. Only the tiny excess fraction of matter survives the process. This seemingly insignificant residue eventually makes up all the matter that we see in the universe today — the galaxies, the stars, the planets, you and me.   As the quarks and antiquarks annihilate, the leftover quarks begin to condense into protons and neutrons. After about thirty microseconds, no free quarks are left. Because the universe is still completely dominated by radiation (photons) rather than matter particles, the universe itself is hardly troubled by this change in its inventory, and the expansion continues relentlessly.           — Greg Laughlin, The Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the Physics of Eternity                 Indexes/11